Turbine



u-RBINE. A APPLICATION FILED MAR. 9, 1918.

Patented May 2, 1922.

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Patented May 2, 1922.

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TURBINE. APPLlcATloNVrlLED MAR. 9. was.

Patented May 2, 1922.

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TuRBmE. APPLICATIN flLED MAR. 9, 1918.

1,41 4, 984. Patented May 2, 1922.

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I z @mmf U N i 'i' E HARRY ALFRED HOOD, OF QUINCY, MASSACHUSETTS.

TURBINE.

Application filed March 9, 1918.

To all whom 'it may concern.'

Be it known that I, HARRY A. HOOD, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Quincy. in the county of Norfolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in a Turbine, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to turbines.

An object of the present invention is to provide al turbine or rotary motor which may be driven by water under pressure; wherein no back lash is produced by the fluid leaving the blades or pockets of the rotor by the provision of a vacuum exhaust or outlet chamber; and wherein the fluid is delivered in a relatively line jet at high velocity for impact against the blades and wherein the high velocity jet is also utilized for creating a suction for augmenting the force of impact in the driving of the rotor.

Another object of this invention is to embody and combine the above features in a relatively simple and compact structure of few parts, which is light in weight and which in one embodiment, as hereinafter set forth is capable of developing a maximum of power with a minimum consumption of water.

A further object is to provide the turbine with a detachable cartridge or nozzle adapted to receive the iiuid under pressure and deliver the fluid in a jet of the desired size,

and admitting the interchanging of the cartridges or nozzles of various sizes for varying the jet to accommodate the motor to the work to be done; and to provide the turbine with a. novel shiftable gear support for varying the reduction of the speed of the driven gear. v

The above, and various other objects and advantages of this invent-ion will be in part set forth, and in part become apparent, in the following detailed description of the present preferred embodiment, the same illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wlrierein:

Figure 1 is a longitudinal section taken in a plane at right angles to the axis of rotation of the rotor, of a turbine constructed according to the present invention.

Figure 2 is a detail enlarged sectional view taken through the inlet head, showing a fplurality of detachable cartridges or nozzles carried thereby.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 2, 1922.

Serial No. 221,495.

Figure 3 is a transverse section through the outer end of the same and looking toward the nozzles or cartridges.l

Figure 4 is a transverse section taken substantially in the plane of the axis of rotation of a slightly modified form of the tur bine.

Figure 5 is a fragmentary perspective view of the rotor, showing the parts thereof separated and disclosing one of the blades or partitions carried in the periphery of the rotor for forming the pockets thereof.

Figure 6 is a view similar to Fig. 1, and showing a slight modification hin the construction of the turbine.

Figure 7 is a longitudinal section of the same taken substantially at right angles to the showing in Fig. 6.`

Figure '8 is a side elevation of the com plete turbine constructed according to the present invention and showing one arrangement of transmission gears carried upon the casing.

Figure 9 is a similar view disclosing a different adjustment of the gears for effecting a different reduction in the driving gear. j

Figure 10 is a fragmentary view partly in section of the adjustable gear supporting post carried upon the exterior of the turbine casing.

Figure 11 is an outer end view of the same.

Referring to these drawings by numerals, 15 designates a casing or housing which is relatively shallow and of circular or cylindrical form, and which may be in the form of a casting. The casing 15 is open at one side and adapted to be closed by a removable plate 16, the latter being held in place by screws or the like. At one peripheral portion of the casing 15, is formed a hollow projection 17 providing an intake chamber and having one wall extending at a tangent to the adjacent side of the casing 15, and its other or rear wall 18 extending inward to the casing 15 at substantially right angles to the wall 17. The projection 17 carries one or Vmore cartridges or nozzles 19 which, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, comprise hollow tubes externally threaded upon one end by means of which the tubes are secured in place, and vprovided on their opposite ends with closure walls 20 provided with relatively small Vper'forations 21 through which remesa fluid under pressure is adapted to issue. rlhe closure walls 2O are thus located at the outer ends of the cartridges or nozzles 19 and restrict the stream or jet of the fluid issuing from the intake chamber or part 17. In the forni shown in Fig. 1, the intake chamber 17 is provided With a header 22 Which is bolted or otherwise suitably secured against the rear Wall 18 of the intake chamber and which is provided with three cartridges or nozzles 19, the same projecting through suitably formed apertures in the rear Wall 17 and all communicating with the interior of' the header 22. i4 fluid supply pipe 23 is connected to the outer end of the header 22 and a throttle valve 24 is interposed in the pipe 23 for controlling the passage of fluid to the header 22. The inner Wall of the casing 15 is cylindrical and the cartridges or nozzles 19 are consecutively decreased in length so as to lie Wholly outside of the inner surface oli' the Wall of the casing 15.

At substantially the diametrically opposite peripheral portion of the casing 15, is formed a relatively large hollow projection or chamber 27 constituting an outlet or exhaust chamber. An outlet pipe 28 leads from the chamber 27, and the latter communicates With the interior of the casing 15.

The chamber 27 however is provided With an inner Wall or partition 29 which is in the form of a Web constituting a continuation of the cylindrical inner Wall of the easing and preserving the continuity thereof to the point Where the small passage 30 is formed between the interior of the casing 15 and the interior of the outlet chamber 27. One wall 31 of the outlet or exhaust chamber 27 is formed at a tangent to the Wall of the casing 15 and extends toward the tangential Wall 17 of the intake chamber' 17. The Wall 31 forms one side of the passage leading from the interior of the casing 15 to the ex haust chamber. The fluid :from the chamber 17 therefor passes in a continuous curved path through the casing 15 and into the exiaust chamber.

Within the casing 15 is fitted a rotor, the same comprising` a hub 32 provided With radially extending arms 33 upon the outer ends of which is mounted a rim 34. The rim 34 may be formed integral With the arms or spokes 33 and the hub 32, and the rim 34 is provided at suitably spaced points and at its inner side with attaching lugs 35. Annular plates or flat rings 36 are placed against the opposite lateral edges of the rim 34 and are held thereto by screws 37 or the like` Which engage through lugs formed upon the rings 36 and into the projections 35 of the rim 34. The rings 36 are of such internal diameter as to register at its inner edges With the inner face of the rim 34, and are of such Width as to project substantially beyond the peripheral surface of the rim.

Arranged between the plates 36 is a plurality ot' blades or plates 38 which are equidistantly spaced apart in the periphery of the rotor and held in place by tongues 39 projecting from the opposite ends of the plates 38 and engaged in slots 40 formed radially in the plates 36. lllhen the plates 36 are clamped against the opposite edges of the rim 34, the plates retain the blades 38 in position and the latter constitute abutments against which the fluid jet is adapted to impact.

rllhe casing l5 is provided in one side with a segmental or arcuate vacuum pocket 41 which extends from the 'free edge of the web in the inner Wall of the casing 15 and terminates in the intake chamber 17. This vacuum chamber 41 may be of substantially the Width of the pockets formed between the blades 38 in the periphery of the rotor, and the end of the pocket which merges from the inner Wall of the casing 15 into the web 29, gradually decreases in depth until it reaches the relatively sharp end or edge of the web 29. The Web 29 the outer Wall of the casing l5 and the peripheral pockets in the rotor serve to maintain the seal of the chamber 41. As the chamber 41 communicates with the intake chamber 17, the jet action of the fluid under pressure which flows at a relatively high velocity from the ports 21 of the nozzles or cartridges, creates a partial vacuum in the chamber 17 and in the segmental cham` ber 41. This tendency to create a vacuum in these chambers produces a suction in the pocket of the rotor and augments the action of the impact of the fluid against the blades 38 to turn the rotor. Uit course small quantitles of air Will be drawn by the blades into the pocket 41 and it is not the purpose to secure a peri''ect vacuum, but the exit of the fluid into the exhaust chamber 30 and the injector action of the nozzles 19 will tend to create a partial vacuum in the chamber 41 which Will have the effect to draw the rotor around toward the nozzles 19.

Axially journaled Within the casing 15 is a shaft 42 upon which the hub 32 is rigidly fixed, a binding nut 43 being threaded upon the end ot' the shaft at the open side of the casing 15 to hold the hub detachably upon the shaft. rThe casing 15 is provided upon its outer side, and axially of the casing, With a boss or projection 44 forming a bearing for the shaft 42 and which may be provided 'with a grease cupV 45 or the like for supplj.v` ing a lubricant to the shaft. A pinion is fixed upon the shaft 42 outwardly of the bearing 44 and a fly Wheel or pulley 47, and a second grooved pulley 48 may also be mounted upon the shaft 42.

For the purpose of speed reduction, an adjustable gear supporting post 49 may be mounted upon the side of the casing 15 and adjusted in the position shown in Figs. 7 and 8. The post 49 is provided with -a base flange 50 having an aperture 51 therein at one side of the post 49 and having, at a point diametrically opposite, an arcuate slot 52. Screws 57 threaded into the casing 15 may pass through the openings 51 and 52 for detachably and adjustably holding the base flange 5() against the casing. The slots 52 permit the relative sliding of' the base flange 50 against the side of the casing to move the post 49 toward and from the bearing 44. A gear wheel 53 is adapted to be detachably mounted upon the post 49 in the plane of the pinion 46 and to mesh therewith, and Jfrom which the power of the turbine or mo` tor may be transmitted. A nut 54 is detachably secured upon the outer end of the post 49 for holding the gear wheel 53 thereto. Another adjustment of the post 49 is shown in Fig. 9. In this adjustment, the post is arranged in closer proximity to the bearing 44 than is shown in Fig. 8. In this instance, the base flange 50 is secured against the side of' the casing 15 by a pair of set screws and a smaller gear wheel 56 is mounted upon the post in the plane of the pinion 46 for increasing the speed of rotation of. the transmitting gear wheel. The slots 52 admit of the adjustment ofthe post 49 into position to bring the gear wheel into the proper mesh with the pinion 46, and may be employed for taking up wear between the teeth of the respective elements. When the large transmission gear wheel 53 is employed, the post 49 is secured in position toward the lower end of the casing 15 by screws 57, and owing to the ifact that the casing 15 is of light weight and is relatively thin, the screws 55 and 57 are replaced in the threaded openings in the casing at the removal of the post 49 for the purpose of closing and sealing the casing to prevent entrance of air and the egress of water from the casing.

In the modificationshown in Fig. the shaft 42 is provided with a plurality of the rotors which are similar in construction to the rotor above described, and the casing 15 is correspondingly formed to a greater depth and is provided with an arcuate vacuum chamber 41 for each rotor. The same construction prevails with the exception that the casing is made of sufficient size to accommodate a plurality of rotors. and any desired number may be employed.

In the operation of the turbine, water under pressure is admitted through the valve 24 into the one or more passages 19 which are arranged at substantially a tangent to the periphery of the rotor. As the cartridges 19 are provided with relatively small perforations 21 in their outer ends, a small depth of water under relatively high pressure and at a high velocity is impacted against the blades 38, causing the rotor to turn at a relatively high rate of speed. The

forming or' these jets of water also creates a vacuum in the intake chamber 17 and the communicating vacuum chamber 41. This suction in the chamber 41 further augments the turning of the rotor and thus increases the power and speed of the same. There is no back lash in the operation of this turbine as the relatively iine jets do not fill the pockets of the rotor but merely impact against the blades 38 and are carried therewith to the outlet passage 30 which leads to the exhaust chamber 27. The exhaust chamber 27 is relatively large, and the falling of the exhaust water through the outlet pipe 28 tends to create a vacuum in the chamber 27, thus drawing or sucking the water out of the pockets of the rotor. The bladesBS preferably are of a height equal to the exterior diameter of the side plates 36 so that as the blades 38 pass against the inner wall of the casing` 15 they practically seal the pockets and the rotor against the casing. This sealing also takes place as the blades 38 pass over the web or extension 29 of the inner wall of the casing so that the vacuum is practically maintained sealed in the chamber 41. In forming chamber 41 in the casing 15, the peripheral wall of the casing is preferably arched or bulged outward in order to round out the wall conforming to the eoncavity in the inner face of the casing Jfor forming the chamber 41. This chamber 41 may of course be of any desired configuration. but it is found in practice that it is preferable to gradually taper the depth of the chamber 41 toward the end' of the web 29 and to continue the 'formation of the chamber 41 across the open inner side of the intake chamber 17, the chamber 41 terminating` against the tangential wall 17.

It is orl course understood that various changes and modifications may be made in the details oit construction and design of the above specifically described parts without departing from the spirit ofl this invention, such changes and modifications ybeing restricted only by the scope of the followingclaims.

I claim:

1. In a turbine, the combination of a casing having inlet and exhaust chambers at diametrically opposed sides thereof, a detachable cartridge projecting into the inlet and provided with a relatively small perforation in its outer end for controlling the escape of fluid under pressure in a relatively fine stream against the rotor, a rotor mounted in the casing and having radially extending bladesin its periphery, and an arcuate vacuum chamber' extending between the said exhaust and intake chambers in the side of the casing opposite that which the fluid under pressure is adapted to travel with the rotor, said vacuum chamber communicating with the intake chamber, and the jet 4g rallies/iof fluid under pressure issuing' from said cartridge being adapted to create suction in the intake and vacuum chambers for augmenting the force ot impact against said blades in turning the rotor.

2. ln a turbine, the combination of a casing having intake and exhaust chambers, a removable cartridge arranged in the intake chamber at substantially a tangent to the casing, a rotor mounted in the casing and provided with radially extending blades, said cartridge being adapted to project fluid under pressure in a relatively line stream at high velocity against said blades for turn- 5 ing the rotor at a relativeljT high speed and the fluid being adapted to travel with the rotor in one side of the casing and exhaust into said exhaust chamber, and a vacuum chamber extending in the inner wall of the casing between the exhaust chamber and the intake chamber at the opposite side of the casing, said vacuum chamber opening into the intake chamber and being sealed from said exhaust chamber.

3. In a turbine, the combination of a casing having intake and exhaust chambers communicating substantially tangentially therewith at opposite sides and provided with a grooved inner wall between the exhaust and intake chambers, a rotor mounted in the casing provided with radially extending blades adapted to lit snugly in the casing and against the inner wall thereof, and a nozzle arranged within the intake chamber and provided with a relatively small outlet opening adapted to deliver fluid under pressure in a fine stream and at high velocity for impact against said blades and for creating a suction in said intake chamber and said groove for turning the rotor.

el. In a turbine, the combination or' a casing provided with inlet and exhaust chambers communicating therewith, said chamber also having a vacuum passage at one side of the casing, a rotor mounted in the casing, and means in the intake chamber adapted to deliver fluid under pressure at relatively high velocity and in a line stream against the blades of' the rotor for turning the same and adapted to create suction in said vacuum chamber for augmenting the turning moment of the rotor.

5. In a turbine, the combination of a casing, a rotor mounted in the casing, a jet nozzle projecting at a tangent into the casing and adapted to deliver fluid under pres sure in a relatively fine stream at high velocity against the rotor, said casing provided with a circumferentially extending G0 vacuum chamber in the inner wall of the iasing opposite the rotor and adapted to be sealed by the blades of the rotor, said vacuum chamber communicating with the intake chamber and said jet of fluid under pressure being adapted to create suction in the inta kc and vacuum chambers for turning the rotor.

6. in a turbine, the combination oli' a casing provided with a circumferential vacuum chamber in its inner wall, a rotor mounted in the chamber adapted to seal the inner side and one end of said vacuum chamber, and means for creating suction at the other end of said vacuum chamber for turning the rotor.

7. ln a turbine, the combination oi' a casing, a rotor mounted in the casing, said casing provided with a circumferentially extending vacuuml chamber and a rotor being adapted to seal. one end and the inner side so of said chamber, and a jet nozzle adapted to supply fluid under pressure in a jet within the casing and against said rotor for turning the same by impact of the fluid against the rotor and adapted to create suction in said vacuum chamber for turning the rotor by suction.

8. in a turbine, the combination of a cylindrical casing, a rotor mounted in the casing and having radially extending blades, said casing having at one side an intake chamber' and at its other side an exhaust chamber, and the casing having a web extending irom one wall thereof partially across the opening between the exhaust chamber and the interior of the casing and constituting a continuation of the inner wall of the casing, said casing and web having a circumferential groove in the inner wall thereoiz gradually increasing in depth from the end or.' said web and terminating in said intake chamber, said web being adapted to seal one end of the groove and the rotor being adapted to seal the inner side thereof, and a jet nozzle projecting into the intake chamber at substantially a tangent to the rotor for delivering Fluid under pressure in a line jet at high velocity against the rotor to turn the same by impact and adapted to create a suction in said groove for augmenting the turning moment of said rotor by suction in the groove.

9. ln a turbine, the combination of a casing having oppositely disposed intake and outlet chambers and provided in one side between the chambers with a circumferentially extending groove in the inner wall of the casing, a jet nozzle projecting into the intake chamber at substantially a tangent to the casing, a rotor mounted in the casing adapted to receive fluid under pressure from said nozzle for impact against the rotor to turn the same, the fluid jet from said nozzle being adapted to create suction in said groove and augmenting` the turning moment of said rotor.

l0. ln a turbine, the combination of a casing, a shaft journaled in the casing, a plurality of rotors mounted on said shaft and provided with radially extending blades,

said casing having at opposite sides intake and outlet chambers, a nozzle projecting into the inlet chamber one for each rotor and extending at substantially a tangent to the rotor, said nozzles provided with relatively small perforations adapted to discharge fluid under pressure in fine jets and at high velocity against the blades of the rotors, and the casing also having 'vacuum grooves formed in the inner wall of the casing opposite the rotors, and extending from the intake chamber in a direction opposite from the nozzles, the jets of fluid under pressure being adapted to create suction in said 'vacuum grooves for turning` said rotor.

ll. l-n a turbine, the combination of a casing, a rotor mounted in the casing and provided with a shaft projecting 'through one side of the casing, a drive pinion on said shaft, a post provided with a base flange having an aperture in one side and having an arcuate slot in its other side, a set of screws secured in said side of the casing, one screw being adapted to engage in the aperture to hingedly support said base flange and admit the adjustment of the post toward and from the shaft, the other screw being adapted to engage in the slot and bind the base flange in adjusted position, a second set of screws arranged upon said side of the casing and adapted to engage the base flange and admit of the relative adjustment thereof with respect to the shaft, and interchangeable transmission gear wheels of different diameters adapted to be mounted on the post one at a time for effecting the desired reduction in the transmission of power from the turbine, said sets of screws being arranged at different distances from said shaft to support the post in the positions relative to the dierent sized gear Wheels employed.

12. In a turbine, a casing having an intake chamber at one side and an exhaust chamber at the opposite side, an injector nozzle in said intake chamber, a rotor in said casing composed of a hub, spokes radiating from the hub, a rim,` side plates removably secured to said rim formed in sections and having slots therein, and blades having lateral tongues fitting in said slots and being clamped. in place by said side plates, a web projecting into said exhaust chamber and having its free end curved and located very close to the outer edges of said side plates and blades, and a partial vacu um chamber formed between said web and the intake chamber.

13. ln a turbine, the combination of a casing, a rotor mounted in the casing and having a shaft projecting out through one siue of the casing, a post provided with a base flange adapted to bear against said side of the casing, a pinion on the shaft, and fastening devices arranged upon the said side of the casing in different spaced positions from said shaft and adapted to engage the base flange and said post for supporting the saine in adjusted position, and interchangeable transmission gear wheels adapted to be mounted upon the post one at a time for meshing with said pinion when the post is correspondingly adjusted.

la. ln a turbine the combination of a casing provided with an inlet, an exhaust, and a vacuum chamber, a rotor in said casing, and means associated with said inlet and eo-acting with said exhaust to maintain a vacuum in said vacuum chamber.

HARRY ALFRED HOOD. 

